Methane, traditionally a potent greenhouse gas, can serve as a sustainable feedstock across various industries when captured and utilized effectively. As biogas, methane can be refined into biomethane or compressed biogas (CBG), offering a renewable energy alternative for industries like transportation, heating, and electricity generation. Furthermore, methane can be leveraged as a raw material in the production of bio-based chemicals and materials, such as bioplastics, through processes like precision fermentation. This approach reduces dependency on fossil fuels and can convert waste sources (e.g., agricultural residues, municipal waste) into valuable products, aligning with circular economy principles and contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Regenerative agriculture and Innovation
Friday, November 8, 2024
Friday, March 22, 2024
Crafting meaningful ESG differentiation in today's marketplace
In today's corporate landscape, the drive towards sustainability has become a defining theme, propelling companies to embed Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles at the core of their operations. Amid this green wave, firms are eager to showcase their commitment to the planet and its people through ambitious emission reduction targets and polished sustainability achievements. However, as this space becomes crowded with bold claims and lofty aspirations, the challenge of discerning genuine ESG dedication from mere superficiality intensifies. Stakeholders—ranging from investors and regulators to consumers and community members—are calling for more than just polished reports and ambitious future targets. They seek transparency, accountability, and, most importantly, verifiable evidence of sustainable impact.
Scope 3 emissions, which
encompass indirect emissions in a company’s value chain, often present the most
significant portion of a company’s carbon footprint and the most challenging to
measure and manage. Thus, reporting on these emissions, backed by detailed case
studies, becomes a testament to a company’s true commitment to comprehensive
sustainability.
By delving into specific
projects, strategies, and outcomes, case studies offer a window into the
practical challenges and successes companies face as they navigate their ESG
journeys. They provide a narrative that transforms abstract targets into
tangible realities, allowing stakeholders to gauge the depth of a company's
commitment to sustainability. Through these detailed accounts, companies can
not only affirm the integrity of their ESG claims but also foster a deeper
engagement with their stakeholders, underpinning a mutual journey towards a
more sustainable future.
Case studies derived from the companies supply chain serve not just as a means of validation but as a bridge connecting the abstract world of ESG targets with the tangible impacts of real-world actions. They epitomize the transition from ambition to action, offering authenticity in the often murky waters of corporate sustainability efforts. As we delve deeper into the significance and execution of such case studies, it becomes clear that they are not just optional add-ons but essential tools for any company serious about its ESG commitments and its role in shaping a sustainable future.
Importance of Case Studies in ESG Reporting
1. Case studies go beyond mere statistics and targets; they provide tangible evidence of a company’s efforts and successes in implementing ESG initiatives. By detailing specific projects, strategies, and outcomes, case studies offer a narrative that can be more easily understood and appreciated by a wide range of stakeholders, from investors to consumers.
2. In an environment where greenwashing is a growing concern, case studies can play a critical role in building trust and credibility. By showcasing actual scenarios and the steps taken to achieve sustainability goals, companies can demonstrate their commitment to genuine ESG practices, thereby strengthening stakeholder confidence.
3. Case studies provide a narrative that stakeholders can relate to and engage with more deeply than abstract targets or broad commitments. They allow stakeholders to see the direct impact of a company’s ESG initiatives, fostering a greater connection and potentially encouraging more active support and collaboration.
4. The detailed exploration of challenges, strategies, and outcomes in case studies not only informs external stakeholders but also serves as a valuable learning tool for the company itself and its industry peers. They offer insights into what works, what doesn’t, and how strategies can be refined for greater impact, driving continuous improvement in ESG practices.
5. Case studies support a culture of transparency and accountability by openly discussing both successes and setbacks in the pursuit of ESG objectives. This openness is crucial for moving beyond the superficial portrayal of sustainability efforts, allowing companies to share their journey, including the challenges faced and how they were overcome.
Differentiating in a Crowded
Market
In a market where ESG claims can
become indistinct noise, well-crafted case studies can help a company stand
out. They provide a detailed account of a company’s unique approach to
sustainability, highlighting innovative practices and significant impacts that
distinguish the company from its competitors.
As the importance of ESG continues to grow in the corporate world, the need for authenticity and transparency in sustainability reporting has never been higher. Case studies emerge as a critical tool in this context, offering a means to validate claims, engage stakeholders, and demonstrate the tangible impact of ESG initiatives. They encapsulate the essence of real-world applications of sustainability practices, providing a detailed, narrative-driven view that can enhance the credibility and effectiveness of a company’s ESG reporting. Ultimately, case studies not only reflect a company’s commitment to sustainability but also contribute to the broader goal of fostering a more sustainable and equitable global economy
Sunday, February 11, 2024
Economic barriers to Carbon farming
Farmers in the United States are starting a new journey. This journey is about carbon sequestration, a way to help our planet by drawing down carbon dioxide before it can harm our atmosphere. This significant shift demands farmers to balance environmental stewardship with their livelihoods, incorporating practices such as cover cropping and crop rotation. A recent report from Purdue University tells us more about what farmers are thinking regarding this change.
This report unveils that approximately 10% of farmers have
engaged in discussions about regenerative agriculture and carbon sequestration,
a figure that has remained relatively stable in recent years. Given the threat
of climate change, one might question why broader adoption hasn't occurred.
Challenges include the financial return on investment, the learning curve
associated with new practices, and the logistical hurdles involved, which can
be overwhelming.
To grasp the farmer's perspective, it's essential to put
ourselves in their shoes and recognize their dual role: feeding the population
and sustaining their families. Due to the buzz around regenerative agriculture and
carbon markets, farmers are introduced to initiatives by companies offering
payments for environmental services, such as carbon capture on their lands, an
important step in the fight against global warming. As stewards of land,
farmers are always interested in such programs the financial analysis often
reveals that the offered incentives fall short of compensating for the
additional costs involved.
Source:www.pexels.com |
The Purdue report indicates that the majority of farmers
were paid less than $10 for each ton of carbon captured, with a minority
received up to $30 per ton. Considering that an average acre of farmland
sequesters approximately one ton of carbon dioxide—with organic farms
potentially reaching up to three tons—the current pricing for carbon credits or
offsets fails to offset the expenses and efforts required to implement
regenerative agricultural practices.
Farmers are eager to contribute to environmental
preservation, but the financial equation must balance for the adoption rates to
rise. The journey towards a more sustainable agriculture system is complex,
necessitating support structures that align economic viability with ecological
responsibility. As we navigate this path, it's crucial to foster a framework that
empowers farmers to be at the forefront of the fight against climate change,
ensuring their efforts are both recognized and rewarded
Tuesday, February 6, 2024
What Is Dirt Really Worth?
In the magnificent tapestry of our world’s history, there
lies an ancient wisdom, deeply woven into the cultural fabric of ancient
India—a wisdom that not only nourished the body but also nurtured the soul.
It’s a wisdom rooted in the sacred understanding of soil, a wisdom that
transcends mere scientific knowledge and touches the very essence of our
existence.
During the Vedic period, which dates back several millennia,
the soil was regarded not as an inert material but as a living entity, a mother
to humanity. In this ancient time, the health of the soil was intrinsically
linked to human well-being. Just as humans require rest and rejuvenation, there
were sacred periods in the agricultural calendar when the soil itself was
allowed to rest, to recover, and to regenerate.
The Vedas, some of the world’s oldest written
texts, delve into the profound mysteries of existence. The Rig, Yajur,
Sama, and Atharva Vedas provide detailed insights into the
creation, the purpose of human life, and our duty towards both humanity and the
environment. In the ancient Atharva Veda (12.1.12), Earth is
depicted as a mother, and humanity as her offspring. This starkly contrasts
with the modern perception of soil as mere “dirt” to be exploited, a mindset
that has contributed to our current climate crisis.
Soil is more than the ground beneath our feet; it’s a dynamic
entity providing essential ecological services. It filters, buffers and
transforms elements between the atmosphere and groundwater, nurturing the food
chain and serving as a source of water for humans, crops and animals. The Atharva
Veda even categorized soils—much like modern science does
today—differentiating them into brownish (bhabhru), black (krishna)
and red soils (rohini). Ancient Hindus understood which soils were
suitable for cultivating various crops, displaying an impressive knowledge of
soil management.
Land preparation was deemed paramount, as detailed in Atharva
Veda 12.1.4-6. It emphasized the significance of preparing the land
correctly, highlighting that proper preparation could transform even seemingly
poor soils into “gold-bearing soils.” Terracing, to prevent soil erosion and
harness water for crops, was also a practice well understood and implemented.
Soils were revered and treated with profound respect, with prayers uttered
before stepping onto the sacred ground.
Farming wasn’t just a utilitarian task; it was a sacred
ritual to invoke the blessings of nature, fostering harmony and coexistence.
Hindus recognized lunar influences on crops, animals and humans, integrating
lunar rhythms into both spiritual practices and agriculture. Farmers during
the Vedic period used the moon rhythms for both spiritual practices and in
agriculture.
This sacred approach to agriculture can still be witnessed in
Bali, where temples dot every rice field, and over 40 rituals accompany the
journey from sowing to harvest. One remarkable ritual, known as Nyepe, is a
“day of silence” when the rice flower transforms into a seed. The entire island
observes this silence, a mark of respect for the rice plant’s transformation,
for it is considered akin to a human being.
What can we glean from these ancient Hindu practices? It’s
the understanding that sacredness in our actions begets sacred outcomes. The
climate crisis we face today is not merely a result of external factors but a
reflection of our inner climate. In the profound wisdom of our ancestors lies
the keys to a regenerative future, where science and spirituality coalesce to
nourish both the soil and the soul, ushering in a new era of harmony and
sustainability.
Source: HinduismToday
Sunday, December 31, 2023
Innovative Defenses: The rise of RNAi-based solutions in agricultural pest management
In a significant leap forward for sustainable agriculture, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has embraced the future of biopesticide technology by registering Greenlight Biosciences' new active ingredient, Ledprona. This innovative solution against the notorious Colorado potato beetle (CPB) symbolizes the EPA's commitment to advancing sustainable agricultural practices and addressing the challenges of climate change and pest resistance.
The Colorado potato beetle, with its distinctive bronze head and black-and-yellow-striped wings, has long been a farmer's nemesis. Known for its voracious appetite for potato plants and other members of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), this pest has developed mechanisms to metabolize toxins, including those found in chemical pesticides. This adaptability has made the CPB a formidable opponent in the agricultural sector since spreading from the Southwest U.S. in the 1850s.
Source: www.pixabay.comThe introduction of Ledprona, a sprayable RNA interference (RNAi) product, marks a new era in combating the CPB. Its unique mode of action targets a gene essential for protein production, vital for the beetle's survival, effectively silencing it without genetically modifying the organism. This innovation represents the first commercial application of a sprayable double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) pesticide, offering a more effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional pesticides.
The journey to this groundbreaking discovery began in the 1860s when farmers first used Paris green to combat the potato beetle. However, the beetle's legendary resistance to insecticides, including modern chemicals like neonicotinoids, has necessitated the exploration of alternative methods. Mechanical methods, such as plowing trenches or using flame-throwing equipment, have been tried but proved inefficient and difficult to scale.
The efficacy of RNAi lies in its specificity and minimal environmental impact, as RNA degrades easily. This technology stems from a natural response to viruses, where cells initiate a defense mechanism against double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), leading to the destruction of the virus's genetic material. Harnessing this response, scientists have developed RNAi pesticides that introduce dsRNA specific to the target pest, causing it to self-destruct at a molecular level.
Companies like GreenLight Biosciences are at the forefront of this technological revolution. With the recent opening of its RNA manufacturing plant in Rochester, New York, GreenLight is positioned as a leader in RNAi pesticide development. Its product targeting the Colorado potato beetle is a testament to the potential of RNAi in controlling pests that have developed resistance to traditional pesticides.
Researchers caution that while potato beetles can develop resistance to RNAi, the technology should be used in conjunction with other pest management tools to minimize or delay this risk. The advent of RNAi is a game-changer for the agricultural industry, offering a more targeted and environmentally sustainable approach to pest control.
Despite these advances, the development and application of RNAi pesticides must be approached cautiously, ensuring that they do not adversely affect non-target organisms. The environmental stability of dsRNA and its formulation in pesticides are critical aspects that require careful consideration. However, its development and deployment represent a harmonious blend of scientific innovation and environmental stewardship, promising a more sustainable future for agriculture. As we embrace these new technologies, the focus remains on balancing efficacy with ecological integrity, paving the way for a more responsible approach to pest control
Wednesday, November 8, 2023
Pesticides on the plate: Uncovering the risks in our food chain
In the current landscape of food production, a disconcerting trend is emerging among major manufacturers—a trend that directly undermines the health of consumers, especially children. A recent report from As You Sow, a non-profit organization focused on shareholder advocacy, paints a stark picture: an industry-wide failure to reduce pesticide levels in foods, with implicated companies averaging a grade of 'F' for their efforts, or lack thereof.
The report, titled "2023 Pesticides in the Pantry: Transparency & Risk in Food Supply Chains," reveals a troubling lack of progress, despite previously set goals for pesticide reduction by 2025 and 2030. This stagnation, in the face of mounting risks, is alarming experts who are concerned about repercussions that extend far beyond the soil. Children are particularly at risk, and studies suggest that the issue begins even before birth, with certain pesticides detected in breast milk and umbilical cord blood.Further alarming discoveries are highlighted by several
studies, which show that some of the most common fruits and vegetables, like
berries and apples, carry high levels of pesticides. Even substances like the
insecticide acephate, which has been banned, are still present in concerning
quantities, highlighting a significant gap in enforcement and oversight.
As climate change exacerbates these issues, the report
emphasizes how increased soil temperatures and superstorms lead to the dilution
of pesticides' effectiveness and their spread into waterways. This results in
the use of greater quantities of these chemicals, perpetuating a cycle of
increased exposure.
The food industry's response, as evaluated by As You Sow's
stringent 2023 standards, has been disappointing. Even brands that previously
showed promise have seen their grades fall as the criteria became more
rigorous. A few companies, such as General Mills and ADM, have fared slightly
better, yet the overall picture remains grim.
Despite these daunting challenges, As You Sow advocates for a
shift towards regenerative agriculture practices—methods that not only enhance
soil health and resilience but also have the potential to mitigate some of the
damage already done.
However, this push for change meets resistance. Companies are
slow to adopt these new practices. While some progress has been noted in the
development of strategies and third-party audits, significant areas of concern
remain. These include the hazardous impacts of neonicotinoids on pollinators
and the lack of farmworker protections in the face of pesticide use. The
corporate pace of change is lagging behind the urgency of the situation,
prompting advocates to demand more decisive action.
For consumers feeling powerless amid these systemic issues,
there is recourse through personal choice. By pivoting towards organic and
locally produced food from farmers who embrace sustainable practices, consumers
can lower their pesticide exposure. Demanding greater transparency, they can
press for the systemic change that appears so elusive when left to the industry
alone.
This unfolding narrative around pesticide use and food safety
is not just a mere report card on corporate progress—it is a critical
engagement in the larger battle for a sustainable and healthful food system
Thursday, October 12, 2023
Drones, the silent aviators revolutionizing agriculture
Agricultural drones are redefining how we perceive and manage
our farms. At their core, these UAVs function as aerial observers, meticulously
monitoring crops, and gauging their health, growth rate, and overall vitality.
These drones operate akin to scouting crop consultants. They proffer
detailed insights into soil conditions, crop health, yield predictions, input management, phenotyping ensuring optimal growth and
health of the crops.
An exciting feature of these high-tech marvels is their
employment of multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, capable of perceiving
light wavelengths beyond human vision, such as infrared. This not only allows
drones to furnish a detailed snapshot of crop health but also enables them to
detect the otherwise invisible "glow" of thriving plants. This
provides farmers with an unprecedented understanding of the true health of
their crops.
Source: www.pixabay.com |
The diversity in drone design offers a spectrum of
functionalities. Fixed-Wing Drones,
resembling small airplanes, are adept at covering vast areas and are primarily
harnessed for mapping fields and spotting issues like pests or inconsistent
irrigation patterns. In contrast, Single-Rotor
Drones, mirroring helicopters, are known for their precision, commonly
deployed for specific tasks such as crop monitoring or soil analysis. Multi-Rotor Drones, renowned for their
agility, are ideal for short-range tasks, capturing detailed aerial imagery, continually monitoring crop health and used for seeding and spraying of crop protection inputs.
Drone Applications
Drones in agriculture are not just limited to crop
monitoring. They are extensively used for land imaging, capturing detailed
aerial visuals of farmland, assisting in topographical surveying, and
facilitating effective land management. Their prowess extends to evaluating
soil quality, moisture levels, and nutrient content, guiding irrigation and
fertilization strategies. In livestock farming, drones offer the capability to
monitor and enumerate livestock, refining overall herd management. They are
also harnessed for tasks as varied as irrigation assessment, precise spraying
of chemicals, collecting soil and water samples, and swift troubleshooting. Trials are underway on using drones for pollination.
Advantages of using
drones in Agriculture
The adoption of drones brings forth a myriad of advantages,
such as time efficiency through the provision of real-time data, enhanced
safety by accessing hazardous areas, improved data quality through
high-definition imagery, and significant cost savings by optimizing resources.
Moreover, from an environmental perspective, drones ensure accurate application
of pesticides and fertilizers, thereby curtailing environmental impact.
Challenges
However, the path to fully harnessing drones in agriculture
is laden with challenges. Regulatory hurdles in many countries impose strict
norms on drone operations, potentially hampering their full potential. The high
initial investment required for top-tier drones may be daunting for small to
medium-sized farmers. Moreover, the vast amount of data generated during flights
demands specialized expertise for processing and interpretation. Factors such
as limited battery life, weather sensitivities, the need for technical
proficiency, potential safety concerns, and integration issues with other
agricultural technologies are other notable challenges.
Drones are poised to be pivotal players in the agricultural landscape of the future. They offer unprecedented insights into farmlands, ensuring farmers are better equipped than ever before. As we navigate the challenges and embrace the benefits, drones promise a more sustainable and productive future for agriculture.
Saturday, August 19, 2023
Transcending 'Net-zero' targets to a 'Climate positive' paradigm
We're witnessing a relentless and increasingly severe and extreme weather events, like hurricanes, heatwaves, and wildfires, playing out with unrestrained intensity. In this crucible of an ever-intensifying climate crisis, the urgent and emphatic call for reducing greenhouse gas emissions echoes louder than ever before. The need to take immediate action to reduce emissions responsible for climate change has reached a level of urgency never seen before in human history.
Yet, within the confines of this momentous struggle against the relentless onslaught of climate change, it becomes increasingly evident that being merely "net-zero" is an insufficient response. The time has arrived for a paradigm shift, a shift from the comfort of "net-zero," and a resolute commitment to attain "climate positive" outcomes. The concept of net-zero, though commendable in its intentions, often falls short of the audacious ambition demanded by the true magnitude of our climate crisis.
Net-zero, in its
essence, embodies a delicate equilibrium—a process of offsetting emissions with
the removal of an equivalent amount of greenhouse gases from our beleaguered
atmosphere. In other words it’s a linear approach ‘a ton out and a ton in’.
While this approach represents a step in the right direction, it carries a
conspicuous limitation—it preserves the status quo of emissions. It's akin to
the act of treading water; a survival mechanism that maintains our current
position, but it does not propel us towards the distant shore of environmental
recovery.
In the grand narrative of climate action, it is high time to alter the script—to cast aside the notion of net-zero, with its connotations of equilibrium-seeking, and embrace the audacious concept of climate positivity. In doing so, we aim not for a return to the status quo, but for a future in which our planet thrives, rejuvenates, regenerates and flourishes, for generations to come.
Thursday, August 17, 2023
Biodynamic Agriculture: A regenerative symphony of farming
Imagine a world where the land, plants, animals, and humans dance in harmonious rhythm, creating a symphony of life. In the heart of this enchanting harmony lies Biodynamic Agriculture, a transformative approach that transcends mere farming and becomes a profound connection to the very essence of nature itself. Three years ago, a captivating short film titled "Biodynamic Agriculture: Farming in Service of Life" was released, leaving a trail of awe and inspiration that continues to reverberate in the hearts of many. It's a tale of rediscovery, a journey back to the roots of traditional knowledge systems and the embrace of nature's wisdom. I had an opportunity to participate in this wonderful short film.
In the orchestration of Biodynamic Agriculture, the land is not just a canvas for crops; it's a vibrant entity, a self-sustaining organism interwoven with the delicate threads of the ecosystem. This holistic perspective, a cornerstone of biodynamic farming, extols the profound interdependence of soil, plants, animals, and humans. Each note in this symphony contributes to the grand harmony of life.
Gaze upwards, and you'll find the moon, planets, and stars composing their celestial melodies. Biodynamic farming doesn't just look to the Earth for guidance; it turns its gaze to the cosmos, aligning its rhythms with celestial cycles. Planting and harvesting are guided by the moon's dance, and planetary alignments become cosmic cues for nature's symphony. It's the belief that these celestial rhythms infuse vitality into plant growth, painting the landscape with a vibrant brush.
Biodiversity takes center stage in this captivating composition. Biodynamic farms cultivate ecosystems that mirror nature's intricate patterns. Polyculture fields and graceful crop rotations choreograph a dance that minimizes pests, diseases, and soil degradation. It's a ballet of balance where every step enhances biodiversity, nurtures life, and harmonizes the landscape.
The essence of life's elixir is found in the preparations—elixirs that bring vitality to the soil and awaken the symphony of microbes. These concoctions, crafted from specific herbs and minerals, enriched with nature's melodies, are applied in delicate measures to orchestrate the dance of microorganisms. It's a poetic alchemy that weaves life into every fiber of the land.
A remarkable serenade of closed nutrient cycles resounds through biodynamic farms. Here, the refrain of self-sufficiency echoes as organic matter is tenderly returned to the Earth, weaving an intricate web of interconnectedness. The farm becomes a stage where nature's grand opera unfolds, a testament to the cycles that sustain life.
In this symphony of agriculture, biodynamic preparations emerge as soloists, their melodies guiding the soil and plants towards resplendent vitality. The cadence of plants, minerals, and animal parts harmonize to awaken a crescendo of health and vigor across the land.
This orchestration aligns seamlessly with the notes of regenerative and sustainable farming. It's a melodic ode to enhanced soil health, nurtured through structured nurturing and enriched by vibrant microbial diversity. The harmony extends to the realm of sustainability, where the virtuoso of closed nutrient cycles plays its part in the symphony of Earth's longevity.
As the seasons change, the melodies of biodynamic farms resonate with nature's rhythm. The virtuosity of diverse crops and companion planting becomes a chorus that supports biodiversity and bolsters pollinators, rendering the landscape a vibrant tapestry of life.
Biodynamic agriculture, a masterpiece that transcends conventions, introduces cosmic and spiritual principles to the canvas of cultivation. It's a holistic masterpiece that weaves threads of interconnectedness, healing the tapestry of the Earth while composing notes of sustainability and resilience. In the face of challenges and skeptics, this symphony of soil health and biodiversity stands as a triumphant crescendo in the realm of regenerative farming. It beckons us to embrace the harmony of life and dance to the rhythm of nature.
Monday, July 24, 2023
Nature-based innovations for climate-resilient rice production
Rice, a versatile crop grown in diverse agro-ecologies, is vulnerable to environmental shifts, especially due to its substantial water requirements. The water foot print of rice is very high. About 3000 to 4000 liters of water is required to produce a kilogram of rice in flooded rice cultivation methods. However, advancements in sustainable farming practices, such as direct seeded rice, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) methods, and dryland or rainfed rice cultivation, are offering hope in mitigating methane emissions from conventional rice farming. Adopting these eco-friendly innovations, alongside appropriate seed varieties, holds the key to ensuring a greener and more resilient future for rice cultivation.
The adverse impacts of climate change, characterized by erratic weather patterns and extreme events, pose a direct threat to rice cultivation worldwide. Unpredictable rainfall, prolonged dry spells, and the ingress of seawater in coastal areas disrupt conventional farming practices involving waterlogged conditions, jeopardizing yields. Moreover, intensive rice cultivation has exacerbated methane emissions, contributing to greenhouse gas buildup. To preserve rice as a sustainable and climate-resilient crop, transformative approaches are urgently needed. Some of the practices that can reduce methane emissions are:
Direct-Seeded Rice
Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is a promising alternative to traditional flooded rice cultivation methods. In DSR, rice is sown directly in moist fields, reducing water usage by up to 35% compared to puddled fields. Weed control is achieved through the judicious application of herbicides, leading to substantial labor and cost savings. DSR also boasts faster maturity, making it an attractive option for regions with erratic rainfall patterns. In India, some state governments are offering INR 1500 to INR 4000 per acre to farmers for switching to direct-seeded rice cultivation.
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a revolutionary
farming method that offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional rice
cultivation. SRI emphasizes a set of agronomic practices designed to optimize
plant growth and productivity while minimizing environmental impact. Some of
the key components of SRI include:
- Transplanting young and single seedlings at the 3-leaf stage with wider spacing to promote robust root systems.
- Maintaining intermittent soil moisture through carefully controlled irrigation, avoiding continuous flooding.
- Incorporating organic matter into the soil to enhance its fertility and water-retaining capacity.
- Weeding through mechanical or manual means to minimize herbicide usage.
SRI not only reduces methane emissions by up to 60% compared to traditional flooded rice fields but also enhances water use efficiency and promotes soil health. However, successful implementation of SRI requires the selection of appropriate rice varieties that respond well to these methods and the use of appropriate machinery for scaling operations.
Please check my blog on Sustainability in Bali: Through the lens of perennial wisdom
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Methods
Another effective approach to reducing methane emissions is the implementation of Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) methods. Unlike continuous flooding, AWD allows for periodic drying and re-flooding of rice fields, maintaining an aerobic environment that suppresses methane production. By alternating the water level in the fields, AWD significantly reduces methane emissions while still supporting healthy rice growth.
Dryland or Rainfed Rice Cultivation
Recognizing the challenges posed by water scarcity and
irregular rainfall patterns, dryland or rainfed rice cultivation methods offer
viable solutions. In these systems, rice is grown without continuous flooding,
relying solely on natural precipitation or limited irrigation. These methods
not only save water but also contribute to lower methane emissions.
Selecting Appropriate Seed Varieties
Adopting eco-friendly rice cultivation practices
necessitates choosing suitable seed varieties that respond well to SRI, AWD,
dryland, or rainfed conditions. Scientists and agricultural experts are
continuously developing climate-resilient rice varieties that thrive under
varying water regimes. By selecting high-yielding, drought-tolerant, and
submergence-resistant varieties, farmers can ensure sustainable rice production
in the face of changing climatic conditions.
Climate change poses significant challenges for rice
production, demanding innovative and sustainable solutions. Embracing
eco-friendly technologies such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) methods, alongside dryland or rainfed rice
cultivation, is crucial in reducing methane emissions and conserving water
resources. Additionally, the selection of appropriate seed varieties enhances
the resilience of rice crops in the changing climate. By collaborating closely
with researchers, farmers, seed companies and policymakers, rice producing countries can achieve a greener and
more sustainable rice revolution, safeguarding its agricultural heritage for
generations to come.
Thursday, June 29, 2023
Webinar on "Regenerative Agriculture - A beacon of hope for restructuring food and agriculture systems"
Agriculture is facing numerous challenges, from soil degradation and water scarcity to biodiversity loss and climate change impacts. Regenerative agriculture holds the potential to not only address the pressing issues faced by modern agriculture but also create significant value for businesses operating in the sector.
Ecosystem restoration:
Soil degradation is a major challenge plaguing conventional agriculture. Decades of intensive farming practices, including excessive pesticide and fertilizer use, have stripped the soil of its fertility and biology leading to reduced yields and diminished ecosystem health. Regenerative agriculture, on the other hand, focuses on restoring and enhancing the health of the soil through a set of ecological practices and integration of livestock supporting circularity. By implementing practices such as cover cropping, crop rotation, and organic fertilization, animal husbandry, regenerative farmers can improve soil structure, increase water-holding capacity, and enhance nutrient cycling. These measures not only lead to healthier crops but also promote biodiversity and mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration.
Resilience:
Climate change poses a significant threat to global food production. Extreme weather events, shifting precipitation patterns, and rising temperatures disrupt agricultural systems and jeopardize food security. Regenerative agriculture helps building resilience in farming systems. Practices like agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and holistic grazing, alternate wetting and drying system of rice cultivation help to mitigate climate change impacts by enhancing water retention, reducing soil erosion, and promoting carbon sequestration. By implementing regenerative practices, farmers can adapt to changing climatic conditions and ensure the long-term sustainability of their operations.
Creating Value for Businesses:
Regenerative agriculture not only addresses environmental concerns but also creates value for businesses, including those in the consumer packaged goods (CPG) sector. Consumers today are increasingly conscious of the environmental and social impact of the products they purchase. By embracing regenerative agriculture, CPG businesses can differentiate themselves in the market by offering sustainable and ethically sourced products. Companies that integrate regenerative practices into their supply chains can enhance their brand reputation, attract environmentally conscious consumers, and drive customer loyalty. Additionally, regenerative agriculture can help businesses reduce their carbon footprint, comply with sustainability regulations, and build resilient supply chains in the face of climate-related disruptions.
Several leading CPG companies
have already recognized the potential of regenerative agriculture and are
actively incorporating it into their business models. For instance, General
Mills, Nestle, PepsiCo and others has partnered with farmers to implement
regenerative practices, resulting in improved soil health, reduced chemical
inputs, and increased yields. AB InBev, a major beverage company is investing
in regenerative farming projects, supporting farmers in transitioning to
sustainable practices and ensuring a stable supply of ingredients. These
companies are not only reaping the benefits of regenerative agriculture but
also inspiring others in the industry to follow suit.
From Suspicion to Trust: The VCMI Claims Code and the Future of Voluntary Carbon Markets
In the global effort towards climate change mitigation, voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) have emerged as a potential game-changer and a glimmer of hope. These markets offer a unique opportunity to bridge financing gaps, facilitate corporate transitions to Net Zero, and support countries' sustainable development objectives. However, the major challenge for VCMs has been the integrity and transparency of carbon credits.
On 28th June, 2023 the Voluntary carbon markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI) launched its Claims Code that aims to address the critical need for integrity in voluntary carbon markets. The Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI) is an international non-profit organization with a mission to enable high-integrity voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) to deliver real benefits to environment and avoid hype and claims regarding net zero emissions. After two years of extensive research and stakeholder engagement, the Claims Code published a comprehensive framework for companies, individuals, investors, and governments to navigate the complexities of carbon credits and make credible claims regarding their climate commitments.
The Claims Code emphasizes the need of going beyond business-as-usual practices. Carbon credits should be generated through activities that truly benefit host communities and increase overall greenhouse gas mitigation, rather than merely substituting existing actions. By adhering to high integrity rules, VCMs can earn the trust of stakeholders, attract investments, and unleash their full potential.
The Claims Code operates through
a four-step process, ensuring compliance with foundational criteria aligned with
the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement. The four steps are;
- Companies must disclose their greenhouse gas emissions,
- Set science-based reduction targets
- Demonstrate progress towards those targets
- Advocate for ambitious climate regulation.
Additionally, companies can make VCMI Claims in three tiers: Silver, Gold, and Platinum, each requiring the purchase and retirement of high-quality carbon credits based on the percentage of remaining emissions ranging from 20 to 100 percent.
To uphold the credibility of claims, the Claims Code has set stringent requirements for carbon credit use and quality. Only credits meeting the ICVCM Core Carbon Principles and VCMI Assessment Framework could be utilized, ensuring they contribute to global net zero goals and drive market integrity.
Third-party assurance plays a vital role in substantiating VCMI Claims. Transparent reporting and disclosure of key information are necessary to validate compliance with the Foundational Criteria and Claim-specific requirements. By providing this assurance, companies can bolster their climate ambition and build trust with stakeholders.
Looking ahead, the Claims Code
will continue to evolve, with the development of additional modules, guidance,
and provisions for specific sectors and geographies. As VCMI expands, it aims
to complement comprehensive climate policy and regulations, emphasizing that
voluntary action alone is insufficient to combat climate change. The launch of
the VCMI Claims Code marks a significant step toward unlocking the
transformative power of voluntary carbon markets. By fostering transparency,
credibility, and accountability, this framework has the potential to shape the
future of climate action, accelerate the global transition to Net Zero, and
ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.
Saturday, June 24, 2023
Webinar on "Turning Trash to Cash : Assessing waste based opportunities"
Wednesday, June 21, 2023
How technology is helping farmers grow more food with less chemicals
Thursday, May 20, 2021
Soil Organic Matter (SOM): How to measure ?
I often encounter a common question on measuring soil organic matter (SOM) while discussing regenerative agriculture. It’s followed by another query on the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and SOM. let me try to clarify such confusion in this article.
Soil organic matter contains plant and animal
tissues at different stages of decomposition. It comprises carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen and small amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements.
Depending on how old the organic matter is it is categorized into passive and
active types. Passive SOM consists of materials that are several decades old
while residues in active SOM are few years old.
Broadly SOM fractions can be divided into 3 types.
The interaction of plants and microorganisms produce byproducts during
decomposition plus root exudates and sugars referred to as dissolved organic
matter. It’s a continuous process that keeps happening every moment. Dissolved
organic matter contributes to less than 5% of the total soil organic matter
composition. The second type is fresh, decomposing plant and animal tissues called
particulate organic matter. Depending on the soils it contributes up to 25% of
SOM. Humus is the next category that is dark black or brown organic matter that
is formed in the soil due to the decaying plant and animal residues. In fertile
soils humus constitutes up to 50% of SOM and is the stable organic matter.
Soils with high organic matter offer several
benefits for farmers and ranchers like,
- Improves
aeration, water holding capacity, infiltration and prevents runoff.
- Nutrient
storehouse for crops and provides essential nutrients over time (cation
exchange capacity CEC)
- Enhances
soil microbial activity and diversity and provides nutrition for billions of diverse
microorganisms.
Soil carbon is often mentioned during discussions on carbon sequestration, carbon offsets, regenerative agriculture and climate smart agriculture. Interestingly carbon is called the ‘king of elements’. The term carbon is derived from Latin ‘carbo’ meaning coal. In the human body carbon is the second most abundant element after oxygen. Soil carbon is that carbon component of organic compounds that is measurable. It is difficult to measure soil organic matter directly in the lab, hence laboratories measure and report soil organic carbon. In other words, soil organic carbon is the measurable part of SOM.
Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in
sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and addressing the climate
crisis. Farm management that facilitates building soil organic carbon in
agricultural and pastoral lands over a period helps to significantly reduce
atmospheric carbon dioxide. It's important to know how to measure SOC and estimate SOM, without measurement it would be difficult to identify the gaps for
scientifically improving farm management.
Let me discuss how to measure SOC and estimate SOM in a hectare of farmland.
The first step is to collect the soil samples following the standard procedures using a soil probe or auger and dispatch it to a nearby lab for analysis. From the lab report check on the total organic carbon percentage that will be used for calculating soil organic matter. On an average it has been found that about 58% of the mass of organic matter in soil is carbon. While estimating the percentage of Soil organic matter (SOM) from Soil organic carbon (SOC) a conversion factor 1.72 is used (100/58 =1.72).
Let’s presume SOC is 2.5% of a farm. SOM is calculated as follows;
SOM (%) = SOC (%) x1.72
= 2.5x1.72
= 4.3%
In this example the soil organic matter is 4.3%.
The SOM (%) can be converted into weight for a
given depth and area. It helps to estimate organic matter in tons per hectare
of soil. From the soil analysis data, bulk density and soil organic carbon
values are required for estimation. The calculation is simple.
SOC in tons of carbon per hectare = SOC x bulk
density (tons per cubic meter) x depth (meters)
Let’s consider a hypothetical soil analysis data
comprising SOC (2.5%), bulk density 1.1 grams per cubic centimeter and soil
depth 10 centimeters. It’s important to convert SOC% to decimals(0.025), bulk
density into tons per cubic meter (1.1 tons/cubic meter) and depth in meters
(0.1 meters) per hectare (10,000 square meters)
SOC tons/hectare = (0.025) x (1.1 x 0.1 x 10,000)
= 27.5 tons of carbon/hectare (t C/ha)
Further SOM per hectare can be deduced using the
above conversion factor of 1.72. The amount of Soil organic matter would be
27.5 x 1.72 = 47.3 tons of organic matter per hectare.
Estimating SOM every year or at
least once every 2 years to assess the management practices adopted in the
farm is vital in regenerative agriculture. It helps to course correct some of the practices that are contributing to
the loss of soil organic matter from farms and ranches. Soil organic matter is
the lifeline of the soil, farmers need to take utmost care in preventing its loss. Growing leguminous cover crops, crop rotation,
cultivating perennial forage crops, application of compost, agroforestry and
silvi-pastoral systems, reduced tillage, contour planting and several
regenerative agriculture practices that are appropriate to the region help in
building soil organic matter and sequester carbon.